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Victoza
Victoza is an FDA-approved once-daily injectable medication with active ingredient Liraglutide prescribed to lower blood sugar levels in individuals aged 10 and above with Type 2 diabetes. Additionally, it’s approved to reduce the risk of heart-related issues in specific adults with Type 2 diabetes. As a GLP-1 agonist, Victoza stimulates insulin release, inhibits sugar release by the body, and slows digestion. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. It’s essential to monitor for these effects while on Victoza and consult a healthcare professional if they persist or worsen.
Product Overview
Victoza is a GLP-1 receptor agonist medication approved by the FDA containing active ingredient Liraglutide. It is prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes in adults. It mimics the action of the GLP-1 hormone in the body. By stimulating insulin release and slowing down stomach emptying, Victoza helps regulate blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is used to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. It is generally prescribed as an adjunct to diet and exercise to help lower blood sugar levels.
Victoza should be administered as a subcutaneous injection once daily, preferably at the same time each day. The recommended starting dose of Victoza is 0.6 mg, administered subcutaneously once daily for the first week. After the first week, the dosage may be increased to 1.2 mg once daily. If further glycemic control is needed, the dosage may be increased to 1.8 mg once daily.
It is essential to follow the prescribed dosing instructions and stay within the recommended dosage. It should be stored refrigerated between 36°F and 46°F (2°C and eight °C) until the first use. Before starting Victoza, patients should inform their healthcare provider about all other medications, including over-the-counter drugs, supplements, and herbal products, to avoid potential drug interactions.
Uses of Victoza
Victoza is used for,
- Type 2 diabetes in people age 10 and older, in addition to diet and exercise.
- Lowering the risk of major heart-related problems (like heart attack) in adults with Type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
- Chronic weight management in those who are obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) or overweight (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m²) with at least one weight-related condition.
How to Use Victoza?
Dosage
Victoza is used once per day. When starting Victoza, your doctor will have you take a starting dose lower than you need to manage your blood sugar levels. After a while, they’ll raise your dose. Your physician can tell you the highest dose of Victoza per day.
Form and Strengths
Victoza comes as a solution in a prefilled pen. It consists of 6 milligrams (mg) of Liraglutide in every milliliter (mL) solution.
Recommended Dosage for Victoza
For Adult Patients
- In the first week of treatment, Victoza should be injected subcutaneously once daily for 0.6 mg. A daily dosage of 0.6 mg is intended to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms and is ineffective for controlling adult blood sugar levels.
- Increase the dosage to 1.2 mg once daily after one week of 0.6 mg subcutaneously injected once daily.
Upon completing at least one week of treatment with the 1.2 mg once daily, increase the dosage to 1.8 mg injected subcutaneously once daily if additional glycemic control is needed.
Pediatric Patients Aged 10 Years and Older
- As a starting dosage, Victoza should be injected subcutaneously once a day at a dose of 0.6 mg.
- The maximum recommended dose is 1.8 mg injected subcutaneously once per day.
After at least one week on the current dosage, increase the dosage by 0.6 mg in increments if additional glycemic control is required.
Dosing Adjustment
- Kidney impairment, mild-to-severe, no dosage adjustment necessary
- In patients with ESRD, there have been reports of acute renal failure and chronic renal failure, which may occasionally need hemodialysis; use caution in patients who experience dehydration.
- Liver impairment, mild-to-severe; no dosage adjustment necessary
Limitations of Use for Victoza
Not for treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis (not effective for these conditions)
How to Take It?
To take Victoza (Liraglutide), follow these general steps:
- Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. Gather the necessary supplies, including a Victoza pen, a new disposable needle, and an alcohol swab.
- Check the Victoza pen visually. Make sure the solution is clear and colorless. Do not use the pen if the solution appears discolored or has particles.
- If you use a new pen or last used a while ago, you may need to prime it. Follow the instructions provided with the pen for priming.
- Common injection sites include the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. Clean the chosen site with an alcohol swab and let it dry completely.
- Hold the Victoza pen with the needle pointing downward. Insert the needle into the skin at a 90-degree angle (perpendicular to the skin surface) and push the button to deliver the dose. Keep the button pressed until the dose counter returns to 0.
- After the injection is complete, remove the needle from the skin. Do not rub the injection site.
- Take Victoza 6 mg/ml injection once daily at the same time each day, as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
- Avoid injecting Victoza 6 mg/ml injection into a vein or muscle as it is intended for subcutaneous injection.
[Note: It’s important to follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist when taking Victoza].
How Does Victoza Work?
Victoza works by mimicking the action of a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is naturally produced in the body. Victoza binds to GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas when injected, stimulating insulin release in response to elevated blood sugar levels. This helps lower blood sugar levels.
Additionally, Victoza slows down the rate at which the stomach empties, reducing appetite and promoting feelings of fullness, which can aid in weight loss. It also reduces the secretion of glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels. Overall, Victoza 6 mg/ml injection helps improve blood sugar control and may aid in weight management in people with type 2 diabetes.
Important Safety Information
Side Effects
Common Side Effects
Some people may have common side effects during their Victoza treatment. Examples of Victoza’s commonly noted side effects include:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Decrease in appetite
- Diarrhea
- Indigestion (upset stomach)
Mild Side Effects
You may have mild side effects from using Victoza. Some of the mild side effects that have been reported with Victoza include:
- Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
- Anorexia
- Decreased appetite.
- Headache
- Vomiting
- Burping
- Indigestion
- Inflamed stomach (gastritis)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which includes heartburn
- Painful or swollen tummy (abdomen)
- Constipation
- Flatulence
- Infection of the upper airways
- Injection site reactions (such as bruising, pain irritation, itching, and rash)
- Increased heart rate
These will likely be temporary in most cases. It may also be possible to manage some of them easily. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you experience any symptoms that persist or bother you. Victoza should only be stopped if your doctor recommends it.
Adverse/Serious Side Effects
It is possible to experience serious side effects while using Victoza, even though they are rare. Serious side effects that have been reported with Victoza include:
- Risk of thyroid tumor
- Pancreatitis (swelling of your pancreas)
- Allergic reaction
- Kidney problems
- Gallbladder problems
- Severe low blood sugar
[Note: Immediately contact your doctor if you develop serious side effects from Victoza 6 mg/ml injection. Immediately call 911 if the side effects seem life-threatening].
Warnings
Inflammation of the Pancreas (Pancreatitis)
If the pancreas becomes inflamed, it can be fatal. If you have any of the following conditions, tell your healthcare provider before taking Liraglutide:
- Inflamed pancreas
- High blood triglyceride levels
- Stones in your gallbladder (gallstones)
- Alcoholism
You are more likely to get pancreatitis if you have these medical conditions. Liraglutide may increase the risk of pancreatitis if you have these conditions. When you experience extreme abdomen pain that will not go away, stop taking Liraglutide and call your healthcare provider right away. Pain may occur with or without vomiting. From your abdomen to your back, you may feel pain. It may be a symptom of pancreatitis if you experience this type of pain.
Other Important Warnings
Tell your doctor about any health conditions or problems you may have, including:
- Diabetes type 1
- You or any member of your family has had medullary thyroid cancer.
- You have Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). A person with this disease has tumors in more than one gland in their body.
- Ever had diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Have a high heart rate.
- Have liver problems
- If you have any heart disease, such as heart rhythm disturbances, angina, or congestive heart failure, or if you have ever had a myocardial infarction (heart attack).
- Have a condition called heart block (bradycardia)
- Have kidney problems
- Have severe diarrhea, vomiting, or dehydration.
- Have gastrointestinal problems
- You are nursing or planning to breastfeed
- You are pregnant or planning to get pregnant
- You are allergic to Liraglutide or any of its ingredients. Allergic reactions can cause the following symptoms:
- Face, lips, tongue, or throat swelling
- Feeling dizzy or faint
- An extremely rapid heartbeat
- Breathing or swallowing problems
- Itching or rash that is severe
If you are still determining whether you have any of these conditions, consult your healthcare provider.
Boxed Warning (Thyroid Tumors)
During drug testing, rats and mice developed thyroid tumors after taking Liraglutide. Some of these tumors were cancerous. In humans, it is unknown whether Liraglutide will cause thyroid tumors or medullary thyroid cancer. If not detected and treated early, medullary thyroid cancer may result in death. A thyroidectomy may be necessary if you develop tumors or cancer of the thyroid.
Liraglutide should not be taken if you or any of your family members have had thyroid cancer, especially medullary thyroid cancer, or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2. This group of people already has a higher risk of developing medullary thyroid cancer and should not take Liraglutide.
You should tell your healthcare provider if you experience a lump or swelling in your neck, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, or shortness of breath while taking Liraglutide. There is a possibility that these are symptoms of thyroid cancer.
Precautions
- Acute Pancreatitis: Patients should be informed of the signs and symptoms of pancreatitis, such as persistent severe abdominal pain, sometimes radiating to the back, and should be instructed to discontinue Victoza and seek medical attention if pancreatitis is suspected.
- Renal Impairment: Victoza should be used cautiously in patients with renal impairment, and the dose should be adjusted according to renal function.
- Hypoglycemia: Victoza increases the risk of hypoglycemia when combined with a sulfonylurea or insulin. Patients should be educated on recognizing and managing hypoglycemia.
- Hypersensitivity Reactions: Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, angioedema, and urticaria, have been reported with Victoza. Patients should be advised to discontinue Victoza 6 mg/ml injection and seek medical attention if they experience symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction.
- Renal Function Decline: Renal function decline is sometimes associated with acute renal failure and worsening chronic renal failure in patients treated with Victoza. Renal function should be monitored in patients with renal impairment.
- Gallbladder Disease: Gallbladder disease, including cholelithiasis, is caused by Victoza. Patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of gallbladder disease.
- Cardiac Health: Monitor patients, particularly those with a history of cardiovascular disease, for any changes in heart rate or other cardiac symptoms during treatment.
Missed Dose
Those who miss a Victoza 6 mg/ml injection dose should continue the once-daily dose as prescribed with the next planned dose. Do not take an extra dose or increase it to compensate if missed. During the first three days following your last Victoza dose, restart Victoza at 0.6 mg once daily to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal symptoms. If Victoza is reinstituted, the healthcare provider should titrate it at their discretion.
[Note: Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding Victoza dosing and missed doses to ensure optimal treatment outcomes].
Overdose
An overdose of Victoza (Liraglutide) can lead to an increased risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In severe cases, it may result in dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and acute kidney injury. Additionally, excessive doses of Victoza can exacerbate its side effects, such as gastrointestinal discomfort or pancreatitis.
[Note: If an overdose is suspected, immediate medical attention is necessary. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222].
Storage
It would help if you kept the Victoza (Liraglutide) pen refrigerated between 36°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C) until you use it for the first time. Avoid placing the pen beside the refrigerator cooling element, as it might get too cold or freeze. When you use the pen for the first time, you can store it at room temperature between 59°F and 86°F (15°C to 30°C) or in the refrigerator. When not in use, keep the pen cap on.
Once your pen has been used, it lasts 30 days if kept at the right temperature. If the Victoza pen has been frozen previously, do not use it. Ensure it is protected from excessive heat and sunlight, and don’t leave it in the car.
Immediately remove the needle from the Victoza pen after each injection and discard it safely. When stored without the needle, contamination, infection, and leakage are reduced, and an accurate dose is achieved. To prevent contamination, always use a new needle for each injection.
[Note: Proper storage of Victoza is essential to maintain its stability and effectiveness. Follow these guidelines to ensure the safe and proper storage of your medication].
Victoza Contraindications
You should not use Victoza if you have a personal or family record of:
- Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC)
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome Type 2 (MEN2)
Victoza Interactions
There are 255 drugs known to interact with Victoza (liraglutide), as well as 5 disease interactions and 2 alcohol/food interactions. There are 2 major drug interactions, 247 moderate interactions, and 6 minor interactions.
- Insulin
- Bexarotene (retinoids)
- Sulfonylureas (glipizide, glyburide)
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin)
- Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose, miglitol)
- SGLT-2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin)
- Meglitinides (repaglinide, nateglinide)
- Beta-blockers (metoprolol, propranolol)
- ACE inhibitors (lisinopril, enalapril)
- ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) (losartan, valsartan)
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (ibuprofen, naproxen)
- Corticosteroids (prednisone, dexamethasone)
- Antipsychotic medications (olanzapine, risperidone)
- Antibiotics (gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin)
- Anticoagulants (warfarin, dabigatran)
- Oral contraceptives
- Antidepressants (sertraline, fluoxetine)
- Anticonvulsants (phenytoin, carbamazepine)
- Immunosuppressants (cyclosporine, tacrolimus)
Victoza and Alcohol/Food Interactions
If you are considering using ethanol along with liraglutide, talk to your doctor first. Alcohol can affect blood sugar levels if you have diabetes. Depending on how much and how often you drink, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) may occur. If you have diabetes, neuropathy (nerve damage), high triglycerides, or pancreatitis, you should avoid drinking alcohol. When your diabetes is under control, limited alcohol consumption does not affect blood glucose levels.
It is best to eat your normal meal plan and drink one drink daily (1 drink = 5 oz of wine, 12oz of beer, or 1.5oz of distilled spirits). Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach or after exercise may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. It would help to tell your doctor about all other medications you take, including vitamins and herbal supplements. If you plan to stop using any medication, consult your doctor first.
Victoza Disease Interactions
The following five diseases interact with Victoza (liraglutide):
- Thyroid carcinoma
- Pancreatitis
- Depression
- Cardiovascular disease
- Renal dysfunction
[Note: Discuss any concerns or questions about these interactions with your healthcare provider to ensure the safe and effective use of Victoza in your treatment regimen. Your healthcare provider can provide personalized guidance based on your medical history and individual health needs].
Victoza Alternatives
- Other GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: There are several other GLP-1 receptor agonists available on the market, including:
- DPP-4 Inhibitors: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors work by increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon production. Some examples include:
- SGLT-2 Inhibitors: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors lower blood sugar by causing the kidneys to remove sugar through the urine. Examples include:
- Insulin: There are various types of insulin available, including short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting insulins. Some examples include:
- Sulfonylureas: These medications stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin. Examples include:
- Thiazolidinediones: Thiazolidinediones help improve insulin sensitivity. Examples include:
- Meglitinides: These medications stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin, but they have a shorter action duration than sulfonylureas. Examples include:
- Combination Therapies: There are also combination medications available that combine different classes of anti-diabetic drugs into a single pill, such as:
[Note: It’s essential to discuss these options with your healthcare provider to determine the most suitable treatment based on your individual health needs and medical history].
Quick Tips
- Everything You Need to Know About Victoza Dosage
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long can Victoza be stored after opening?
After opening, Victoza 6 mg/ml injection should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature between 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C). You can keep the pen at room temperature, not exceeding 86°F (30°C), for up to 30 days. Remember not to freeze Victoza or expose it to excessive heat or direct sunlight. Always check the expiration date on the label and discard any unused medication after 30 days, even if it still contains some solution. Following these storage instructions helps maintain Victoza’s effectiveness and safety.
Does Victoza cause weight loss?
Yes, Victoza can help some people lose weight. It makes you feel full so that you might eat less. Also, it slows down the rate at which your stomach empties, which can reduce hunger. Many people who take Victoza see some weight loss, but it varies from person to person. Remember, not everyone will experience weight loss with Victoza, and the amount lost can differ. It’s important to talk to your doctor about your goals and expectations when starting Victoza for diabetes management.
Is Victoza safe to use in elderly patients?
Yes, Victoza is generally safe for elderly patients, but discussing it with your doctor first is essential. They can consider factors like your overall health, other medications you’re taking, and any existing medical conditions. Older adults may be more sensitive to certain medications, so your doctor may start you on a lower dose to minimize the risk of side effects. Regular monitoring and communication with your healthcare provider are crucial to ensure Victoza is suitable and effective for managing your diabetes while considering your age-related needs.
Is Victoza safe to use during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
No, Victoza is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It’s essential to inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant while using Victoza. There’s limited research on its safety during pregnancy, and animal studies suggest potential harm to the fetus. Additionally, it’s unknown whether Victoza passes into breast milk, so breastfeeding while using Victoza is not advised. Your doctor can help you explore alternative treatment options for managing diabetes safely during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication regimen.
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