Atovaquone/Proguanil
Atovaquone/Proguanil
Atovaquone/Proguanil is a combination medication primarily utilized for treating and preventing malaria in countries where the infection commonly occurs. It contains Atovaquone and Proguanil in strengths of 100 mg and 250 mg. The dosage of Atovaquone/Proguanil is based on the condition, your body’s response to treatment, and the intention of the medication. For personalized guidance and advice, consult a licensed healthcare professional and discuss the risks and gains associated with its use. Interaction with other medications should be discussed with a healthcare provider before use. Buy Atovaquone/Proguanil online from the most trusted Canadian pharmacy.
Product Overview
Atovaquone/Proguanil is a combination medication primarily utilized to treat and prevent malaria infections prevalent in certain regions. It contains Atovaquone, an effective antimalarial agent, and Proguanil, which works to enhance its efficacy. Atovaquone disrupts the energy production process within the malaria parasite, while Proguanil inhibits an enzyme crucial for the parasite’s DNA synthesis, targeting both stages of its development.
Available in tablet form, Atovaquone/Proguanil comes in strengths of 100 mg and 250 mg. Adults typically take a daily dose of 250 mg Atovaquone and 100 mg Proguanil for malaria prevention, beginning 1-2 days before entering a malaria-prone area and continuing for 7 days after leaving. The dosage for children is weight-dependent and determined by a healthcare professional. This medication is also employed for malaria treatment, with adults usually prescribed 1 g Atovaquone and 400 mg Proguanil once every day for three consecutive days. Pediatric dosing is adjusted based on weight.
Common side effects of the medication may include diarrhea, cough, dizziness, and nausea, while severe reactions like rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing necessitate immediate medical attention. Precautions should be taken in patients with liver or kidney issues, and it’s vital to maintain consistent dosing schedules. In case of a missed dose, it should be taken promptly, but doubling up should be avoided. Overdosing may lead to severe symptoms, requiring urgent medical intervention. Storage of Atovaquone/Proguanil should be in a cool, dry place away from heat, sunlight, open fire, and moisture, and expired or unused medication should be properly disposed of. Interaction with other medications should be discussed with a healthcare provider before use.
Uses of Atovaquone/Proguanil
It is used to:
- Treat and prevent malaria infection in countries where malaria commonly occurs.
How to Use Atovaquone/Proguanil?
Dosage
Atovaquone/Proguanil comes in the form of a tablet that is taken orally by mouth. It comes in the following strengths:
- 100 mg
- 250 mg
Recommended Dosage for Different Patients
For Preventing Malaria
- Adults- 250 mg of Atovaquone and 100 mg of Proguanil daily.
- You should start taking the dose of Atovaquone/Proguanil 1-2 days before traveling to where malaria commonly occurs and after 7 days of returning.
- Children weighing 11 pounds or more- Dosage is based on the weight and will be determined by your doctor.
- Children weighing less than 11 kg- The safety and efficiency of the medication have not been established in pediatric patients, so a licensed healthcare professional will determine the dose and use.
For Treatment of Malaria
- Adults- 1 g of Atovaquone and 400 mg of Proguanil once daily as a single dose is taken in three consecutive days.
- Children weighing 11 pounds or more- Dosage is based on the weight and will be determined by your doctor.
- Children weighing less than 11 kg- The safety and efficacy of the medication have yet to be established in pediatric patients so that a licensed healthcare professional will determine the dose and use.
[Note: Remember these recommendations may vary depending on person to person. Discuss it with your doctor, and they’ll customize your dosage accordingly.]
How to Take It?
- Before taking Atovaquone/Proguanil, carefully read and follow the directions for use in the patient information leaflet for safe and efficient use of the medication.
- Use the Atovaquone and Proguanil exactly as directed by your doctor. Ask your healthcare provider or doctor for any queries or concerns regarding the drug.
- Atovaquone/Proguanil is a combination drug that is taken orally by mouth.
- If you are taking this medication to avoid malaria, you are typically required to take this medication once a day, a couple of days before you travel to a place where malaria commonly occurs. Continue to take the medication while you are in the area and after 7 days of returning.
- If you are taking Atovaquone/Proguanil to treat malaria infection, you are typically required to take it for three consecutive days.
- Take Atovaquone/Proguanil with a meal or milky drink that contains fat.
- To get the best results, it is crucial to maintain consistency and take the medication around the same time every day.
- Do not take the medication less or more than prescribed or longer than recommended.
- Do not break, chew, or crush the tablet. Swallow it whole because of its bitter taste.
- If you have trouble gulping down the medication, you can crush it, mix it with condensed milk, and take it immediately. Do not keep it for later.
- The dosage of Atovaquone/Proguanil is based on the condition, your body’s response to treatment, and the intention of the medication.
- The dosage for children is based on weight.
- If you vomit within sixty minutes of taking the medication, take the complete dosage again. However, if the vomiting persists or has become bothersome, contact your doctor immediately.
- If needed, you can also take primaquine 14 days before the last week of treatment with Atovaquone and Proguanil or right after you finish treatment.
- You should not stop taking this medication abruptly without consulting your doctor.
- It is essential to take preventive measures against mosquito bites by remaining in air-conditioned or well-screened areas, using mosquito repellents, and using insect-killing sprays and mosquito nets.
- It is noteworthy to mention that no drug treatment is effective in preventing malaria. Get medical help immediately if you develop malaria symptoms. Quick treatment is essential in preventing severe, life-threatening outcomes.
- When using Atovaquone and Proguanil for treatment, let your doctor know if your condition does not improve or worsens.
[Note: Your doctor will decide the right amount for you based on your condition, following guidelines and studies on the drug. They’ll adjust it as needed over time.]
How Does Atovaquone/Proguanil Work?
Atovaquone and Proguanil are antimalarial medications that work together to prevent and treat malaria. Atovaquone is a hydroxynaphthoquinone, similar in structure to ubiquinone, a molecule involved in cellular energy production. It selectively inhibits the malarial cytochrome bc1 complex within the parasite’s electron transport chain. Doing so collapses the mitochondrial membrane potential, disrupting the parasite’s energy production. Proguanil is metabolized in the body to its active form, cycloguanil, which inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, disrupting the synthesis of deoxythymidylate (a building block for DNA). Proguanil and cycloguanil together affect both the erythrocytic (within red blood cells) and exoerythrocytic (outside red blood cells) stages of malaria parasite development.
Important Safety Information
Side Effects
Common side effects of Atovaquone/Proguanil may include:
- Cough
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Loss of appetite
- Mouth sores
- Nausea
- Stomach pain
- Vomiting
Adverse side effects of Atovaquone/Proguanil may include:
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Fever
- Hives
- Hoarseness or throat tightness
- Peeling or blistering skin
- Rash
- Swelling of the ankles, eyes, face, feet, lips, hands, lower legs, throat, or tongue.
- Yellowing of eyes or skin, fatigue, dark urine, reduced appetite, or pain or discomfort in the right upper stomach area.
[Note: Remember, this list may not cover all possible side effects. Always consult with your healthcare giver for medical advice about side effects.]
Warnings
- Administering this medication does not completely cure malaria or prevent future attacks of certain types of the disease. It’s not suitable for severe cases, like cerebral malaria, or when the infection is very serious.
- Using this medication for prevention can cause liver issues, so it’s important to monitor liver function closely, especially in patients with existing liver problems. The medication may not be fully absorbed if a patient has diarrhea or is vomiting, so it’s crucial to monitor this and consider using medication to control vomiting. In severe cases, a different antimalarial may be needed.
- Using this medication alone may not completely get rid of the malaria parasite in the case of certain types of the disease. If the infection returns after treatment or prevention, a different medication should be used.
- Prevention of malaria involves more than just taking medication. It also includes wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and sleeping under bednets.
- No medication can guarantee 100% protection against malaria, so if someone develops a fever while taking this medication, they should seek medical help.
- In patients weighing over 100 kilograms, there’s a risk of treatment failure, so they need to be closely monitored.
- Pregnant women have a greater risk of complications from malaria, especially from certain types of the disease. They should discuss the risks and benefits of travel with a healthcare provider, and if travel is required, take extra precautions, such as wearing protective clothing.
Precautions
- Before taking Atovaquone/Proguanil, let your doctor know if you are allergic to either of the two medicines or any other allergies. This drug may also contain inactive ingredients that can cause severe allergic reactions or other side effects. Consult your pharmacist or physician for more information.
- Before using this medication, share your complete medical history with your doctor, especially if you have the following conditions:
- Diarrhea
- Kidney problems
- Liver problems
- Mental/mood problems
- Seizures
- Vomiting
- This medication can make you feel dizzy. You should not drive, operate heavy machinery, or indulge in activities that require attention and clear vision.
- Limit your alcohol consumption while you are taking this medication. Talk to your doctor if you are using cannabis.
- If you are planning to have surgery, let your doctor know about all medications you are using. This includes all prescription, over-the-counter drugs, and herbal supplements.
- This medication should only be used during pregnancy when it is clearly required, and the benefits outweigh the risks.
- It is unknown whether Atovaquone/Proguanil passes into breast milk. Proguanil passes into breast milk. However, it is known how it affects the nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breastfeeding.
Contraindications
Atovaquone/Proguanil is contraindicated for use in patients with:
- Known hypersensitivity reactions to any of the ingredients in the medication
- Severe renal impairment
- Weight limitations for children
Missed Dose
- To get the best results of the medication, it is crucial to maintain consistency and take If you missed a dose of Atovaquone/Proguanil, take it as soon as you remember.
- However, if it is almost time to take your next dose, you can omit the missed dose and continue as per your regular dosing schedule.
- Do not take an extra or double dose of the same medication to compensate for the missed dose.
- To avoid missing doses, you can set a reminder on your phone.
[Note: If you have missed a medication dose and are still determining when to take the next one, immediately consult your doctor or pharmacist.]
Overdose
You should not take Atovaquone/Proguanil more than the recommended dose or for longer than prescribed, as it can lead to unwelcome side effects. If someone has overdosed on the medication and is having severe symptoms such as seizures, difficulty breathing, unconsciousness, and inability to wake up, you should seek immediate medical help. You can call 911 or head to the nearest emergency room. Symptoms of an overdose may include:
- Canker sores
- Cracked, dry skin on palms of hands or bottom of feet
- Grey-bluish color of lips and/or skin
- Hair loss
- Headache
- Rash
- Shortness of breath
- Stomach pain or discomfort
- Tiredness
- Vomiting
[Note: If you consumed more than the recommended dose, get medical help immediately or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.]
Storage
- Keep Atovaquone/Proguanil in its original container, tightly closed at a controlled room temperature, away from direct sunlight, excess heat, moisture, and open flame.
- Do not keep your medication in the bathroom.
- Keep all medications, including Atovaquone/Proguanil, in a safe place, away from the sight and reach of children and pets.
- Do not keep medications that are outdated or no longer needed. Dispose of them safely.
- Discard the unwanted medications in such a way that young children, animals, and other people cannot consume them.
- Do not throw the medications in wastewater or household garbage bins.
- Do not flush the medication unless instructed to do so.
- Do not pour the medication into the drain.
- The best way to get rid of unwanted medication is through a medicine take-back program.
- Call your healthcare provider or local waste disposal company to learn more about the best ways to eliminate unwanted medications.
[Note: Discuss with your healthcare professional the proper disposal of unused medicine and any questions you may have regarding its storage.]
Atovaquone/Proguanil Interactions
- Bupivacaine implant
- Bupropion
- Carbamazepine
- Cholera Vaccine, Live
- Dicumarol
- Efavirenz
- Fedratinib
- Fluconazole
- Ibuprofen
- Indinavir
- Levoketoconazole
- Mavacamten
- Metoclopramide intranasal
- Metoprolol Succinate ER
- Metoclopramide intranasal
- Methotrexate
- Nirogacestat
- Pregabalin
- Quizartinib
- Rifabutin
- Rifampin
- Ritonavir
- Sapropterin
- Tadalafil
- Typhoid Vaccine, Live
- Vitamin B1
- Vitamin C
- Warfarin
- Zofran
[Note: This isn’t a complete list, and there could be other drugs that interact with Atovaquone/Proguanil. Tell your doctor any prescription, over-the-counter medicines, and herbal products you’re taking.]
Atovaquone/Proguanil Alternatives
- Mefloquine (mefloquine hydrochloride)
- Chloroquine (chloroquine phosphate)
- Hydroxychloroquine (hydroxychloroquine sulfate)
- Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine)
- Vibramycin
- Doxy 100
[Note: Your doctor will choose what’s best for you. Don’t use any of these alternative medications without consulting your healthcare provider. Taking them by yourself may cause serious side effects.]
Frequently Asked Questions
Can Atovaquone/Proguanil be used to prevent malaria in all regions?
Atovaquone/Proguanil effectively prevents malaria in areas where the infection is common. However, its safety and efficacy may vary depending on the specific region and strain of malaria present. Call your healthcare provider for personalized advice before travel.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Atovaquone/Proguanil?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s almost time to take your next dose, omit the missed one and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take an extra or double dose to catch up. For further guidance and advice, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Are there any dietary restrictions while taking Atovaquone/Proguanil?
Atovaquone/Proguanil should be taken with a meal or milky drink containing fat for optimal absorption. Prevent grapefruit juice as it may interact with the medication. Otherwise, no specific dietary restrictions are typically required, but discuss any queries or concerns with your healthcare provider.
Can Atovaquone/Proguanil be safely used during pregnancy?
Atovaquone/Proguanil should only be used during pregnancy if clearly needed and if the benefits outweigh the potential risks. Pregnant women should discuss their travel plans and malaria prevention strategies with a healthcare provider to ensure the safety of both mother and baby.
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